Posted by
Dr. Brian Melton on Saturday, May 03, 2008 12:00:00 AM
“If people think God is interesting, the onus is on them to
show that there is anything there to talk about. Otherwise they should just
shut up about it.”—Richard Dawkins
I hesitate to take my time to answer anything that comes out
of Richard Dawkins’ mouth. First, he is
such a high profile person that probably nearly every intelligent rejoinder
that can be made has been, and several times over. Secondly, most of his statements—at least his
more famous ones—are of a sort that don’t bear refuting. Like the quote above, they are mainly insults
instead of reasoned arguments.
However, having recently seen the excellent movie Expelled:
No Intelligence Allowed, I could not help but notice a common theme
amongst the various Darwinists, one that is epitomized by this Dawkins
quotation. Neo-Darwinists (NDs) insist
that the burden of proof is on Intelligent Design (ID) advocates to show “that
there is anything to talk about.” The
implication is that if there actually were the evidence to back ID up, then the
open-minded Darwinians would be happy to pay attention. Since there apparently isn’t anything
forthcoming, though, they expect people to “just shut up” about ID.
The issue here isn’t so much in what the NDs say, but in
what they don’t say.
They lead their
listeners to make certain assumptions on implied grounds.
So, while they give the appearance of the
essence of intellectual virtue, they are in fact stacking the proverbial deck
in a very unscientific way by creating artificial standards of evidence for ID
and then failing to subject their own theories to similar scrutiny.
The result is a drive-thru epistemology where
science is defined primarily by what NDs personally want to be true.
The first assumption NDs allow is that they are appealing to
objective reality, and that if ID is proven in that reality, science will
accept it. In fact, NDs see themselves
as the final arbiter of truth. Whatever
convinces them must, by default, be “fact” and until they are personally
swayed, those with competing theories should just “shut up.” Any divergent position is universally derided
as “unscientific” and “worthless”. In
this context, labels like these actually mean nothing more than “this doesn’t
tickle my Neo-Darwinian fancy.” A prime
example of this appeared in Expelled,
when Dawkins expressed a willingness to accept evidence of cellular intelligent
design if it came from aliens, but not if it implied that God existed. While there is manifestly less proof to
support the idea of extra terrestrial life than a supernatural God, the general
concept at least fits in with Dawkins’s naturalistic biases, and so he finds it
acceptable. Evidence has nothing to do
with it.
The second assumption is that NDs have a real standard of
evidence in mind and, if ID could meet it, they would allow ID into the hallowed
realm of science. Asking that ID provide
proof of course implies this, and the NDs’ apparent openness suggests that they
will actually give the evidence a fair hearing.
Intentionally and notably absent from most of these statements is any
indication of how much or what kind of data would be “sufficient”
to convince them. The straightforward
answer is that for most NDs, no amount of proof could ever be enough because
their main objection to ID has nothing to do with reason, logic, or facts. They are opposed to ID on emotional/worldview
grounds; the trappings of scientism are often nothing more than an emotional
crutch: Vox Day called Sam Harris’ book The End of Faith “a profoundly
non-scientific expression of hope wrapped up in an emotional plea.” In fact, Dawkins’s willingness to admit that
ID evidence did exist if it was not attributed to God shows how far he is
willing to go, so long as religion and the supernatural are left out of the
picture.
As C. S. Lewis pointed out in the beginning of Miracles, before we can begin a
discussion of whether a particular miracle has
occurred, we must settle the question of whether miracles can occur. If we do not
accept that a miracle is even possible, no amount of evidence could ever
convince us that any particular miraculous event took place. NDs are in a similar boat. They can confidently assert that they would
be willing to admit ID was science if the proofs are there, since their
assumptions have set such an artificially high standard that no amount of evidence
for ID would ever be enough.
Taken together, these two points are self-evidently
wrongheaded, but are also illustrative.
The idea that I have to convince Dawkins or Christopher
Hutchens or any particular class of people of a premise before a statement or
idea magically becomes “scientific” is clearly erroneous. Reality continues on whether or not I (or
anyone else) choose to satiate their particular prejudices, just as the earth
kept revolving around the sun while Galileo faced the wrath of the church. It is a testament to ND arrogance, however,
that they see themselves as the exclusive gate-keepers of scientific
objectivity. Since ND itself is part of
the “definition” of science, NDs can make what amount to arbitrary judgments,
such as the ones we see above, while simultaneously giving their own theory a
break on sticky points, as we’ll see below.
Regarding whether or not there could ever be enough evidence
behind ID to qualify it as legitimate science, we must remember an aspect of
the scientific method itself.
In order
for a question to be genuinely interrogative (i.e. “Is there sufficient
evidence to prove ID as a viable hypothesis?”), it must be open-ended to some
extent.
In other words, we must be able
to answer it honestly.
To simply presume
the answer ahead of time and then use this “answer” to evaluate the evidence is
not only counterproductive, it is intellectually dishonest.
In this way, NDs conveniently overlook
various limitations in their own theory and application:
How does experimental science prove or
disprove a specific creation method for the universe, given that the laws that
govern science only came into existence after the initial creation moment?
Why are they not willing to allow that other
intelligent people should be permitted to hold to a position that critiques
Neo-Darwinism from a profoundly different perspective, when NDs can question
anything they like?
Where are the
millions of transitional fossils we’ve been told to expect for over a
century?
Whatever standard of evidence NDs apply to their own
theories they should also apply externally and consistently to other competing
propositions and to the evidence as a whole.
Any criticisms they level at other premises they should also apply to
their own. In the end, a “scientific
theory” or “method” that is merely internally coherent is of no more practical
explanatory use than Star Trek’s “Heisenberg Compensator” or “Warp Drive.”